css
CSS Grid Layout
CSS Grid is a powerful two-dimensional layout system that makes it easy to create complex, responsive layouts.
Grid Container
To use Grid, set display: grid on the parent container:
css
.container {
display: grid;
}Grid Template Columns
Define the column structure:
css
.container {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: 200px 200px 200px; /* 3 columns of 200px */
}
/* Using fr (fraction) units */
grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr; /* 3 equal columns */
grid-template-columns: 2fr 1fr 1fr; /* First column twice as wide */
/* Using repeat() */
grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); /* 3 equal columns */
grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(250px, 1fr)); /* Responsive */
/* Mixed units */
grid-template-columns: 200px 1fr 2fr;Grid Template Rows
Define the row structure:
css
.container {
display: grid;
grid-template-rows: 100px 200px 100px;
}
/* Auto rows */
grid-auto-rows: 150px;
grid-auto-rows: minmax(100px, auto);Gap (Spacing)
css
.container {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
gap: 20px; /* Both row and column gap */
}
/* Separate gaps */
row-gap: 20px;
column-gap: 30px;
/* Old syntax (still supported) */
grid-gap: 20px;
grid-row-gap: 20px;
grid-column-gap: 30px;Grid Item Placement
css
.item {
/* Span columns */
grid-column: 1 / 3; /* Start at line 1, end at line 3 */
grid-column: span 2; /* Span 2 columns */
/* Span rows */
grid-row: 1 / 3;
grid-row: span 2;
/* Shorthand */
grid-area: 1 / 1 / 3 / 3; /* row-start / col-start / row-end / col-end */
}Grid Template Areas
css
.container {
display: grid;
grid-template-areas:
"header header header"
"sidebar main main"
"footer footer footer";
grid-template-columns: 200px 1fr 1fr;
grid-template-rows: auto 1fr auto;
gap: 20px;
}
.header { grid-area: header; }
.sidebar { grid-area: sidebar; }
.main { grid-area: main; }
.footer { grid-area: footer; }Alignment
css
.container {
/* Align items horizontally */
justify-items: start | end | center | stretch;
/* Align items vertically */
align-items: start | end | center | stretch;
/* Align grid horizontally */
justify-content: start | end | center | stretch | space-between | space-around | space-evenly;
/* Align grid vertically */
align-content: start | end | center | stretch | space-between | space-around | space-evenly;
}
/* Individual item alignment */
.item {
justify-self: start | end | center | stretch;
align-self: start | end | center | stretch;
}Complete Grid Example
html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>CSS Grid Layout</title>
<style>
* {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
body {
font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
padding: 20px;
}
/* Basic Grid */
.grid-basic {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
gap: 20px;
margin-bottom: 40px;
}
.grid-basic .item {
background-color: #3498db;
color: white;
padding: 30px;
text-align: center;
border-radius: 5px;
}
/* Grid with Template Areas */
.grid-layout {
display: grid;
grid-template-areas:
"header header header"
"sidebar main main"
"footer footer footer";
grid-template-columns: 200px 1fr 1fr;
grid-template-rows: auto 400px auto;
gap: 15px;
margin-bottom: 40px;
}
.header {
grid-area: header;
background-color: #2c3e50;
color: white;
padding: 20px;
text-align: center;
}
.sidebar {
grid-area: sidebar;
background-color: #34495e;
color: white;
padding: 20px;
}
.main {
grid-area: main;
background-color: #ecf0f1;
padding: 20px;
}
.footer {
grid-area: footer;
background-color: #2c3e50;
color: white;
padding: 20px;
text-align: center;
}
/* Responsive Card Grid */
.card-grid {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(250px, 1fr));
gap: 20px;
margin-bottom: 40px;
}
.card {
background-color: white;
border: 1px solid #ddd;
border-radius: 8px;
padding: 20px;
box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
}
.card h3 {
color: #2c3e50;
margin-bottom: 10px;
}
/* Complex Grid */
.complex-grid {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
grid-auto-rows: 150px;
gap: 15px;
}
.complex-grid .item {
background-color: #9b59b6;
color: white;
padding: 20px;
border-radius: 5px;
display: flex;
align-items: center;
justify-content: center;
}
.complex-grid .item:nth-child(1) {
grid-column: span 2;
grid-row: span 2;
background-color: #e74c3c;
}
.complex-grid .item:nth-child(4) {
grid-column: span 2;
background-color: #3498db;
}
.complex-grid .item:nth-child(7) {
grid-row: span 2;
background-color: #2ecc71;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>CSS Grid Examples</h1>
<h2>Basic Grid (3 Columns)</h2>
<div class="grid-basic">
<div class="item">Item 1</div>
<div class="item">Item 2</div>
<div class="item">Item 3</div>
<div class="item">Item 4</div>
<div class="item">Item 5</div>
<div class="item">Item 6</div>
</div>
<h2>Grid with Template Areas</h2>
<div class="grid-layout">
<header class="header">
<h2>Header</h2>
</header>
<aside class="sidebar">
<h3>Sidebar</h3>
<ul>
<li>Link 1</li>
<li>Link 2</li>
<li>Link 3</li>
</ul>
</aside>
<main class="main">
<h2>Main Content</h2>
<p>This is the main content area that spans two columns.</p>
</main>
<footer class="footer">
<p>Footer Content</p>
</footer>
</div>
<h2>Responsive Card Grid</h2>
<div class="card-grid">
<div class="card">
<h3>Card 1</h3>
<p>Responsive grid that adapts to screen size.</p>
</div>
<div class="card">
<h3>Card 2</h3>
<p>Cards automatically wrap to new rows.</p>
</div>
<div class="card">
<h3>Card 3</h3>
<p>Minimum width of 250px per card.</p>
</div>
<div class="card">
<h3>Card 4</h3>
<p>Grows to fill available space.</p>
</div>
</div>
<h2>Complex Grid Layout</h2>
<div class="complex-grid">
<div class="item">Large Item</div>
<div class="item">2</div>
<div class="item">3</div>
<div class="item">Wide Item</div>
<div class="item">5</div>
<div class="item">6</div>
<div class="item">Tall Item</div>
<div class="item">8</div>
<div class="item">9</div>
<div class="item">10</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>Preview
Grid vs Flexbox
- Grid: Two-dimensional (rows and columns), better for overall page layouts
- Flexbox: One-dimensional (row or column), better for component layouts